Which of the following is a risk factor for developing a substance use disorder?

The presence of anxiety and depression as a risk factor for developing a substance use disorder is well-documented in research and clinical observations. Individuals struggling with mental health issues like anxiety and depression may use substances as a way to cope with their emotional pain, stress, or discomfort. This coping mechanism can lead to a cycle of dependency, where substances offer temporary relief but may ultimately exacerbate underlying mental health problems or contribute to further substance-related issues.

In contrast, attributes such as a positive self-image, resilience, and strong social support can mitigate the risk of developing substance use disorders. A positive self-image often correlates with higher self-esteem and better coping strategies, while resilience helps individuals manage stress effectively and bounce back from adversity. Additionally, strong social support can provide protective factors such as encouragement, understanding, and healthy alternatives to substance use, making it less likely for individuals in supportive environments to develop disorders related to substance use.