What does the term 'impairment' refer to in a substance use context?

The term 'impairment' in a substance use context specifically refers to the disruption of normal function or incompetence that affects an individual's ability to perform tasks, especially in a safe and effective manner. Impairment can manifest in various ways, including cognitive, motor, and emotional functioning, which can significantly hinder an individual's performance in the workplace or any other setting.

This definition aligns directly with the concept of impairment as it encompasses the physical and mental limitations that can arise from substance use. When someone is impaired, they may struggle with decision-making, coordination, and judgment, which can lead to unsafe situations or reduced productivity.

In contrast, chronic substance dependence is more about the ongoing need for the substance rather than the immediate effects on functioning. Increased psychological tolerance relates to how an individual may require more of a substance to achieve the same effect but doesn't necessarily imply impairment at that moment. Positive behavioral changes might occur in various contexts, but they do not directly relate to the negative impacts of impairment caused by substance use. Thus, the correct choice effectively captures the essence of impairment in this specific context.